Special Purpose (October-December, 1917

Hungary]

With the economic miracle of Moscow and the treaties between Russia, the Balkans and Red Europe, the Hungarian Economic Miracle occurred.

Hungary, similar to Czechoslovakia was in the middle of many economic plans between Red Europe, the Balkans and Russia, it is true that it was not necessary for everyone (especially with the Bulgaria-Russia border) but in any case Hungary benefited greatly from the beginning of the ending of the Great Depression.

Indeed Hungary had one of the most important economic developments in Europe, more accelerated and pronounced compared to other countries.

Hungary became, as many politicians said, the Switzerland of Eastern Europe.

The government was mainly led by two parties, Count Mihály Ádám György Miklós Károlyi de Nagykároly Neo-Conservatives and Sándor Garbai (with a youn Béla Kun) Social Democratic Party of Hungary.

Presiding over a growing multi-cultural government (greater autonomy and freedoms for the Romanian rural inhabitants) and increasingly industrialized, with the growth of financial and manufacturing-industrial services in Hungary.

It was not always easy (especially because of the old problems between Romanians and Hungarians), but it was clear that the Kingdom of Hungary was going in the right directions with the end of the Great Depression and the current direction of the Hungarian Economic Miracle.

Furthermore, Hungary had the strange honor that the Treaty of Visegrad was signed on its territory.

*

[Czechoslovakia]

The formation of Czechoslovakia was somewhat surprising, true that Neoslavism or Pan-Slavism was popular among political circles and certain personalities, but it remained an unexpected event of the last Great War.

It wasn't highly planned by the Slovaks or Czechs, but it was welcomed by quite a few.

The formation of Czechoslovakia supposed the introduction of certain reforms, to create a country with a unique system of government. Which meant elections.

In this case there was the search for a government of co-participation between Czechs and Slovaks, supervised by Tsar Nicholas II as monarch of Czechoslovakia (Nicholas I).

With the elections, the government was led by Karel Kramář from November 17, 1917.

Kramář was a Czech politician who had served as a strong separatist in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the German Empire. Karel Kramář was a conservative-nationalist, but very useful for Czechoslovakia.

Kramář's Czechoslovakia (1917-1937) was strongly Russophile (Kramář was Russophile himself, loving Russian culture and literature, and his wife was the daughter of a Muscovite industrialist, part of the Russian socialite).

He promoting the creation of the Slavic Bloc and very strong economic-political ties with the Russian Empire.

This is because Kramář saw the Russia of Nicholas II as the only great Slavic power in the world, therefore the only power that could fight against Germanic influences or other enemies in the Slavic world.

Kramář also saw Nicholas II as a reformist, so Kramář's ideas of economic-democratic liberalization were in a certain 'in tune' with the Russian monarchy.

In exchange for this tune, Emperor Nicholas II allowed certain freedoms to Kramář and granted numerous supports to his government, such as subsidies and investments within Czechoslovakia.

Kramář's Czechoslovakia experienced the signs of a stronger Czech-Slovak union, economic and political reforms that advanced the country (industrialization and modernization, women's vote, etc.) and the beginnings of German autonomy in the region.

What was not so clear was the succession of the Czechoslovak monarchy before or after the death of Tsar Nicholas II, it was clear that he would go for a son, but it was not known to which or if the monarchies of Russia-Czechoslovakia would remain united.

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[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]

November 10, Tsar Nicholas II creates the Kremlin Wall Necropolis (Некрополь у Кремлёвской стены / Nekrópol u Kremlióvskoi steny), a memorial cemetery in Moscow's Red Square.

An extremely important honor in Russia from 1917 onward, a last honor to notable politicians, military, scientists, and national heroes of the Russian Empire.

This was not very 'strange', just between the Spassky and Nikolsky gates, there were fifteen small cemeteries and there were people buried near the wall at least since the 16th century.

The Kremlin Wall Necropolis was created in the first place as a site of honor to those who died during the Second Great War on the side of the Russian Empire, although it would later expand to others.

Tsar Nicholas II gave it the unofficial title of "Pantheon of the Defenders of the Motherland" and it remains to this day in function, as a cultural monument of the Russian Empire.

Common fighters (soldiers dide in some conflict) have been honored but also separate burials have been held from 1917 to the present, even Russian Empire Premiers or members of the Imperial House of Romanov have been buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.

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[South Sudan and Eritrea]

November 12, Tsar Nicholas II carried out important diplomatic actions in Africa, creating a meeting with the separatist forces of Sudan, the Ethiopian Empire and the Emirate of Ha'il.

In recent times Ha'il has supported Sudanese separatists, effectively separating North Sudan from French control (now confined solely to Chad), leaving South Sudan and Eritrea in chaos.

This has caused problems on the edges of the Ethiopian Empire and the Russian Colonial Empire, prompting Russian interference in local affairs to restore order.

Of course, the tsar also does not want to anger the Emirate of Ha'il, which is a good partner for Russia in certain respects.

And Ha'il doesn't want to make Russia proud either, since it has huge debts (literally and figuratively) to the Russian Empire.

South Sudan and Ethiopia are there as co-partners of Russia and the Emirate of Ha'il.

The proposal of Tsar Nicholas II in the Sudanese crisis is simple, Russia will recognize that North Sudan is part of the Emirate of Ha'il, forgive certain economic debts of the Emirate with Russia and promote the creation of a Ha'il-Russia bloc against France or other foreign intervention.

In return, Russian-Ethiopian troops will take control of South Sudan and Eritrea, to bring order to the region and prevent the crisis from continuing.

Effectively Eritrea would become part of Ethiopia and South Sudan would become a new colony-protectorate of the Russian Colonial Empire.

A tempting offer for the Emirate of Ha'il, but there was another important discussion, Egypt's status in the Russia-Ha'il coalition.

The discussions dragged on from December to 1918 over the status of Egypt, an important part of the Arab world, which Ha'il wished to have in his power.

Thus having a border with North Sudan and having enormous power in the Red Sea.

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[Spetsnaz]

December 20, of 1917.

Tsar Nicholas II, War Minister Aleksey Brusilov and several directors of the intelligence services (Iosif Stalin representing the KGB and Felix Dzerzhinsky representing the Okhrana) approve the creation of the Military formations of the Committee for State Security of the General Staff of the Russian Empire Armed Forces (Воинские формирования Комитета государственной безопасности Генерального штаба Вооруженных Сил Российской Империи /Voinskiye formirovaniya Komiteta gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti General'nogo shtaba Vooruzhennykh Sil Rossiyskoy Imperii).

This means the creation of the first "Special Operations Forces of the Russian Empire" (Силы специальных операций Российской Империи/Sily spetsial'nykh operatsiy Rossiyskoy Imperii) or "Special Purpose Military Units" (Военные подразделения специального назначения /Voyennyye podrazdeleniya spetsial'nogo naznacheniya), better known abroad as 'Spetsnaz' (спецназ).

The Spetsnaz are permanent military formations typical of military intelligence and special operations, designed to give tactical information to the General Staff and help in special operations to the Russian forces.

Special operations that involved different tasks, such as the formation of tactical reconnaissance for the army and strategic sabotage of enemy positions.

In essence, the objectives of the Spetsnaz in their creation were the following:

1-Cross the state border and enter the designated enemy area.

2-Carry out sabotage measures (undermine railways, disable communications, destroy bridges, etc.).

3-Create panic in the rear of the enemy (interrupted the mobilization or the work of the rear).

* Carry out a reconnaissance of the concentration of enemy troops in their deep rear and the destruction of their operational-tactical means.

4-Interception of open and encrypted information from the enemy's communication exchange.

5-Determination of the exact coordinates of the enemy's mobile and stationary communication centers.

6-Create interference in enemy communication.

7-Disinformation of the enemy through false communication operations.

8-Capture / Kidnapping of people with important or important information, etc.

9-Creation of movements behind enemy lines (intelligence centers or guerrilla movements) if necessary.

Later the Spetsnaz would expand their operations (attack against enemy nuclear capabilities) or split into different groups (with a Spetsnaz for the navy units for example).

But their creation in 1917 was quite remarkable, they were much more developed special operations forces than there was in the Russian Empire before.

They were initially considered an evolution or elite forces of the Brusilov Shock Troops (May reforms), but the truth is that the Spetsnaz soon went further than that.

Russia soon developed the first paratroopers, radio-comunication, reconnaissance and sabotage units of the Spetsnaz, the result of the years of learning and development of the Second Great War.

Spetsnaz training included: Weapons handling, explosives training, marksmanship, counter-intelligence and 'counter-terrorism' activities, airborne-parachuting training, hand-to-hand combat, climbing, diving, underwater combat, emergency medical training and demolition training.

In short, for its time, Spetsnaz was quite new and important for the tactical operations of the KGB and the General Staff, playing a very important role in the armed forces and various special operations of the KGB outside the Russian Empire.

The first tests of Spetsnaz in fact were its involvement in Persia, a few years after its formation.

The war was evolving remarkably in various parts of the world, and Russia was not lagging behind with the development of its shock troops, Medved-mechanized units or special forces (military-intelligence).

The creation of the Spetsnaz for example was motivated and motivated important advances in the air transport of the forces of the Russian Empire, with the advances not only in airplanes but also in parachutes, aviation techniques and ammunition (bombing).

In addition to that there were advances in other forms of weaponry (evolution of automatic weapons and standard weapons in the Russian forces) and hand-to-hand combat (the creation of Sambo).

The Third Duma had simply approved these measures, but the Spetsnaz were designed by the General Staff, the Tsar and the KGB-Okhrana for important missions of the central government.

It was clear that professionalism in sabotage, infiltration, and tactical operations was coming to evolve even further in modern warfare.

By the late 1930s and early 1940s there were 46 Spetsnaz groups in operation, derived from the first Spetsnaz group created in 1917.

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[International]

October 1, Albert Einstein gets the position of director of the institute of physics at Saratov State University (the so-called capital of science of the Russian Empire).

October 2, the Parliament of Finland holds early elections under the leadership of Governor-General Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, approved by Tsar Nicholas II.

Finland was just a different system within Russia, so they had the possibility to hold elections in disarray from the Russian elections (held every five years in most cases).

As a result of the vote, the SDP (Social Democratic Party of Finland) attached to the RSDLP (Russian Social Democratic Labor Party) obtained 64% of the votes, much more than the rest of the parties in the Grand Duchy of Finland.

Finland has always been more liberal than the rest of Russia, but the victory of the SDP was a sign of change within the Russian Empire, especially a shift to the left.

October 4, a royal decree in the Kingdom of Italy (in exile) allow heavy criminal sanctions against any rebellious natives in Libya or Tunisia, and Italians who support the rebel cause.

October 5, the Palestinian Brigade is created, one of the most notable professional bodies of the Emirate of Ha'il (located and made up of Arab-Palestinians in the Palestine region).

October 6, trade reforms in the United States allow more trade (fewer restrictions) with countries with which the United States previously had hostile relations.

October 7, death of Serhii Ivanovych Vasylkivsky, a prolific Russian artist of Ukrainian origin who developed almost 3,000 works, contributing in part to Ukrainian folklore and ornamentation.

The most famous series of Casilkivsky's works are those dealing with the Cossacks.

October 9, death of Hussein Kamel of Egypt, Egyptian nobleman who was an old Sultan of Egypt during the last stages of French Egypt (older brother of King Fuad I).

October 10, American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs publishes the first book in the Barsoom science fiction series, A Princess of Mars.

Later Barsoom, along with the Tarzan series of books, will be one of the most iconic works of Edgar Rice Burroughs.

October 11, the first congress of the Movement of the Grand Duchy of Armenia is held, a movement that simply had the idea that Greater Armenia should have a system similar to that of the Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire.

They never got very far for a variety of reasons, such as a lack of state or national support.

October 14, one of the biggest movie hits in the United States, Cleopatra, is released. a historical drama directed by J. Gordon Edwards with Theda Bara as Cleopatra, Fritz Leiber as Julius Caesar and Thurston Hall as Mark Antony.

One of the reasons for the success of the film was the controversy around it for 'sensual images', a controversy that only made it more popular at the time. Late the film was considered lost but some fragments along with production stills survived.

Uruguay's national soccer team wins its second South American Championship, defeating Argentina 1–0 in Montevideo (capital of Uruguay).

October 16, Indonesia's first 'free elections' (de-facto, puppet of the Imperial Federation) are held, resulting in the victory of a center-right coalition in local government.

The few sites in the old Dutch-German East Indies free from British and collaborator control are East Java (Socialist Republic of Java), most of Sumatra (Aceh) and part of southern Borneo (Lanfang Republic).

October 18, the Imperial Federation General Staff creates the first sketch of 'Operation Albion'.

A na operation for the occupation of Russian Baltic regions (including Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and southern Finland) for an attack on Petrograd, in the event of conflict with the Russian Empire.

October 19, by order of King-Emperor Edward VIII the

Institute of Quarrying, with branches in the Home Islands, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa, in addition to some parts of the colonial empire such as Hong Kong.

The Institute of Quarrying is a national body for quarrying, construction materials and the related extractive and processing industries.

The Institute's long-term objective is to promote progressive improvements in all aspects of operational performance of the extractives industry, for the improvement of the Imperial Federation at an economic and strategic level.

Through the creation of similar institutes, the State Council, the Prime Minister and King-Emperor Edward VIII move several vital administrative matters outside the control of the Imperial Parliament.

Giving more power in the management and centralization of the Empire to a small group of people and allies, such as the All-British Party.

October 22, President Henry Ford creates the Office of Alien Property Custodian, which manages properties seized by the state during World War II from those viewed as 'enemies of the United States'.

A new film directed by Charlie Chaplin is released in the People's Republic of France, The Adventurer.

The Sherlock Holmes anthology of previously published stories "His Last Bow" now includes the new short story by author Arthur Conan Doyle, precisely called His Last Bow.

October 24, inventor Alexander Graham Bell attends a celebration in Brantford, Ontario, Canada (Imperial Federation), where a statue of him is unveiled.

October 27, the Russian violinist Jascha Heifetz makes his first great concert in Petrograd (Russian Empire) with the pianists Leopold Godowsky and Josip Broz Tito, attended by more than 25,000 spectators.

Marking the start of a prolific musical career.

November 2, Northern Sudan de-facto achieves its independence from French control.

Effectively blocking the Military Dictatorship of Philippe Petain, which as a result of this defeat only controls the Chad region. While South Sudan and Eritrea are in chaos (free from French control but without local authorities in power).

Soon the Emirate of Ha'il recognizes this North Sudan, because in the first place they promoted the Sudanese rebels, who in return proclaimed an interest in joining with the Emirate of Ha'il.

The Ford administration effectively puts the entire Northwestern United States lumber industry in private hands, after carrying out legal attacks on unions and socialists.

Soon a monopoly is created, the Legion of Loggers and Lumbermen of the Northwest.

The situation in Oregon and other Northwest states is tense a bit, after all this happens very close to several strikes and struggles between strikers-unionists-socialists against capitalists and conservatives.

November 3, in the Free Republic of Mexico under President Porfirio Diaz the National Trade Union Confederation of Commerce, Services and Tourism (CON-SIN-NA-CO) is created.

A large organization of national (state) unions that has the objective of promoting investment and state research in various economic sectors, promoting tourism and services.

November 5, progress in the creation of the Supreme War Council, a military organization of joint activity between the socialist countries of Europe.

November 7, a separation occurs in the Ku Klux Klan, after important defeats of the KKK in the Solid South several members leave and found the group 'Knights of Liberty' in the north of the United States.

Which in essence is not much different from the KKK. The Knights of Liberty soon embark on right-wing militant activities, such as the kidnapping and torture of American trade unionists.

Some of these unionists mysteriously arrived in the custody of the Knights of Liberty, since these unionists were previously in police custody ...

November 8, Georgy (Yury) Leonidovich Pyatakov along with other Russian citizens in the Ukraine-Little Russia region joins Lev Trotsky's International Workers Party of Russia.

November 9, what for many is considered the world's first animated feature film takes place, "El Apóstol" is released, an Argentine animated film that uses cutout animation.

El Apostol was produced by Italian-Argentine immigrants Quirino Cristiani (animator) and Federico Valle (producer), the film now considered lost, was a political satire on Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen.

Animators like Cristiani would currently be predecessors of bigger animations like those in Russia or the United States.

November 11, death of Liliʻuokalani, Queen of Hawai'i. Soon a new sovereign of the Pacific nation-kingdom is elected.

November 12, meeting between the Russian Empire, Ethiopia, Sudan and the Emirate of Ha'il about the situation in Africa (fall of Sudan, South Sudan and Eritrea).

November 15, death of Émile Durkheim, a Frenchman recognized as one of the fathers of sociology along with Karl Marx and Max Weber.

November 25, pleibiscito in Uruguay leads to the creation of the National Council of Administration, that is, a collegiate that shares part of the power with the president of the republic.

November 28, the only Jewish cemetery in Uruguay (Cementerio Israelita) is opened in La Paz.

November 29, the Japanese and Vietnamese collaborators create the National Library of Vietnam in Hanoi, as a gift to the population (trying to win public support).

The 'Commonwealth Federal Secret Intelligence Service' (CFSIS) is created.

Basically the formalization of a secret intelligence service within the Imperial Federation, dedicated to dealing with internal and external dangers to the IF.

December 2, the first official handball game in the world takes place, in Berlin, Prussian Republic of Germany.

December 4, President Henry Ford delivers his State of the Union Address address at the 65th United States Congress.

In this case, the speech focuses mainly on the reconstruction of the post-war United States, with optimistic notes with the proximity of the end of the Great Depression.

December 13, popularity advances of Islamic Secularism in the Russian Empire and important parts of the Middle East, especially the Persia Qajar (as a result of Russian influence and Russian plans in the country).

The Emirate of Ha'il remains neutral to these developments, they are reformist but not exactly secular or ultra-conservative Islamists.

December 14, visible solar eclipse from Antarctica and part of the South Pacific.

December 16, Cecil B. DeMille released the film 'The Devil-Stone', curiously the second romantic film of the year starring Geraldine Farrar.

It became the sixth most selling film of the year in the United States of America.

Actually only two copies of the film survive with the American Film Institute and the Library of Congress.

December 18, the Free Republic of Germany establishes the Universum-Film, the organization in charge of film distribution and production in Red Germany.

December 26, a 6.0 magnitude earthquake in Guatemala destroys Guatemala City. Antigua Guatemala and the ruins of Antigua Guatemala.

It was the worst earthquake of the year of 1917 if we talk in terms of death toll, with 2,650 people reported dead as a result of the earthquake.

December 30, end of the great expeditions in the Chinese civil war of the Republic of China.

On this day, the Eastern Expedition or Eastern Expedition of the Wuhan-Canton government is victorious in the taking of Nanking and Shanghai from the right-wing government of the Kuomintang.

Chiang Kai-shek escapes from the Republic of China before being captured, while the left-wing government of the Kuomintang moves to Nanking to set up the affairs of the new government.

Despite this victory, China's stability is less than guaranteed and many problems remain.

Now there is another important question, who is the paramount leader of China?

Wang Jingwei or Liao Zhongkai?

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*[Perspective]

His mother had forbidden him to enter the army, she had done everything she could to prevent him from being admitted, threatened to do anything, legal or otherwise, to show that he was unfit for service.

She even used his family connections to prevent him from being admitted to the Rhode Island National Guard.

He was also in an awkward position at the United Amateur Press Association, since he was very Anglophile and detested modern American English, but the Second Great War had been against the Imperial Federation.

Fortunately the presidency of Henry Ford had brought certain improvements in this aspect, the USA seemed to be returning to neutrality and normality.

With this he had become a little more outgoing, joining friends in trips to writer gatherings and other events during the rebuilding of New England.

Then came one of the most important and changing moments in man's life, for a brief moment between late 1917 and early 1918, he had joined the Silver Legion.

He thought the Legion was a good fit for him, it seemed to have a noble goal, even though he did not fit in with the Silver Legion on all points.

Then he observed the first lynching of him, very different from anything he had heard that happened in the old south.

It was barbaric.

He proceeded to vomit alone once he regained his composure from that surprise blow.

Howard Phillips Lovecraft promptly walked away from America's Silver Legion and America's strange nationalist-supremacist breeding ground.

By moving away from this, he curiously began a productive period in his writing career and began to have important recognitions, of course he was not the most famous author but without a doubt he was improving his situation.

Science fiction, fantasy and speculative fiction were some of the most common genres of his writing.

Similar to other people, Lovecraft was one of the fathers of fantasy, especially sub-genres of fantasy in the United States of America.

* He joined the Socialist Party of America and in the 30s he moved to the Free Republic of Germany.