Fall of Omsk (October-December, 1921).
Campaign of Omsk]
October 1, 1921, the loyalist forces after the Ural Offensive march in the direction of the city of Omsk, capital of the Directorate led by Admiral Alexander V. Kolchak himself.
After the successful campaigns on the Tobol and Ishim rivers (with the capture of Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen), the capital was the last great government objective in Moscow (led by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Premier Iosif V. Stalin , the council of ministers and the Fourth Duma).
After the Ural Offensive, the passage of the Loyalist troops was much faster and more fluid, with the mechanized units having much more success in fighting the Directorate defenses in Central Siberia after their victory in the aforementioned offensive.
While it is true that Kolchak had under his control part of the industrial heartland of Central Siberia, the truth is that the various defeats of the Directorate heralded the death of the movement.
There was simply no way for the Directorate to compete in industrial production and mobilization under these conditions. The main groups of the Directorate were widely separated after the defeats in Siberia.
Kolchak could only try to improve his defense against the loyalist attack, but there was no good news in the theaters in Europe and the popular discontent after the death of Tsesarevich Nicholas Nikolaevich affected the Directorate greatly.
One of the initial advantages of the Directorate had been that they never presented themselves as anti-monarchists, in fact they were sold precisely as the salvation of the Russian monarchy in the face of a possible communist victory.
But the death of Tsesarevich clouded this image.
The Tsesarevich was not as popular as his father and much less popular than his grandfather, but he was still an important figure for the time.
Most importantly, throughout October, the advance of the loyalist forces was unstoppable. And finally in the middle of the month, the loyalist forces to Moscow were surrounding the city of Omsk, which was put under siege.
The food and financial situation worsened markedly in several isolated regions of Central Siberia as a result of the Russian civil war. Even Omsk had a minor food crisis, which would only be resolved in November-December.
All this set of elements was the last nail in the coffin of the Directorate of Central Siberia, led by Kolchak.
On November 1 the loyalist troops entered the city of Omsk, finally liberated from the Directorate.
Kolchak had been hanged by civilians from the city of Omsk, and the rest of his great allies-collaborators in the city (Pyotr Vasilievich Vologodsky, Vladimir Oskarovich Kappel and others) had been hanged or 'disappeared' (their bodies were not identified , but everything points to their death).
There were few loose ends to be resolved in the Russian civil war, which was aimed to be resolved in the coming months of 1922.
*[Campaign of the Irtysh and Ob rivers]
Some Central Siberian Directorate forces remained in position as the last bastion of the project led by the now-late Admiral Kolchak.
More specifically we speak of the cities of Tomsk and Novosibirsk, which similar to Omsk before its fall, soon found themselves surrounded.
Not only by military forces, but also by civilian opposition. The polarization that existed before the civil war was beginning to disappear with the obvious defeat of Kolchak and the purges (propaganda, elimination of cliques that did not align with the central government, etc).
The Irtysh and Ob rivers campaigns were the last campaigns of the loyalist forces in Central Siberia, which obviously ended in their victory.
After the fall of Omsk, Tomsk and Novosibirsk, there was work to do.
Part of the loyalist forces stayed to pacify the region (purge unwanted elements), rebuild the damage done by the civil war and help in various situations caused by the war.
*******
[Russian Civil War]
*[Baltic front]
After the fall of the Directorate of Central Siberia in November, between the end of November and the beginning of December, Commander Nikolai N. Yudenich lost Latvia to the advance of the troops of Jukums Vācietis and the Baltic militias of Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas and Petr Stuchka. .
With this it was clear that the Baltic Directorate was indeed lost.
The mechanized units of General Sergey Leonidovich Markov launched a coup on the control of this clique, which only controlled Lithuania.
And with this they began negotiations for his surrender around the middle and end of December.
Markov and his associate commanders surrendered, signing a treaty that ended the existence of the Baltic Directorate in the first months of 1922.
The Russian civil war was indeed coming to an end.
*[Southern front]
The Directorate of the South suffered internal problems similar to the Directorate of Central Siberia or the Baltic, but they managed to sustain themselves for much longer than the rest of the cliques loyal to Kolchak.
In part due to the administration-bureaucracy created by Pyotr Wrangel and Pavlo Skoropadskyi, which effectively surpassed the rest of the Directorate forces and allowed the establishment of the dominance of these forces in most of their territory.
Of course they could not prevent all the propaganda of the loyalists from spreading, but the influence of the aristocracy and big capitalists aligned with Skoropadskyi helped to delay its effects.
In southern Russia (Ukraine) some even doubted that Tsesarevich Nicholas or Admiral Kolchak had actually died.
Indeed the Southern Directorate was a fortress that had almost miraculously survived every onslaught it had received.
But then the first cracks began to show.
The food situation of this Directorate was excellent, but they were unable to take the North Caucasus and had a limited supply of fuel.
And not only this, but then the militias of the International Workers' Party of Russia, led by Lev Trotsky, began to defeat the forces of Skoropadskyi and Aleksei Maksimovich Kaledin.
Trotsky was a mediocre politician, but in the situation of the civil war, he brought out remarkable military talent.
Pro-loyalist militias led by Trotsky effectively broke through the defenses of the Southern Directorate in the east, successfully capturing the Lugansk (also known as Luhansk) and Donetsk regions.
Important Directorate forces were surrounded and destroyed by loyalist forces due to this loss in eastern Ucreania.
It was not the immediate downfall of the Southern Directorate, but it was certainly a considerable help to the loyalist cause. The southerners of the Russian Civil War were stubborn.
*******
[Mongolian plans]
November 5 of 1921, the military man Damdin Sükhbaatar and his associates in the leadership of the MSDLP (Mongolian Social Democratic Labor Party) sign a pact with the authorities of the Fourth (IV) Duma of the Russian Empire, led by Tsar Nicholas II and the Premier Iosif V. Stalin, for the unification of Inner Mongolia with the Russian Empire.
This pact supposed to launch a referendum and diverse political campaigns, so that finally the country of Inner Mongolia was united to Russia.
Of course, the country's elites were already convinced of this project, which gave a good start to the unification project. Inner Mongolia's 'Russification' process indicated many successes in this idea.
There were just a few other preparations to make:
* End the Russian Civil War, which was in progress.
* Convince the other Covenant of Nations countries that this would not be a threat to them.
* Sell the idea of 'autonomy within the Russian Empire' to the Han people of Inner Mongolia, who made up a significant part of the local population.
Of course there were many ways to do this, precisely thanks to the legacy of Tsar Alexander III and the intelligence of Tsar Nicholas II, Russia had a powerful arsenal.
Not only military coercion tools, but also diplomatic, political and economic.
Various assets that would allow the Russians to fulfill their interests, without causing many problems (especially within their own area of influence).
For the future referendum, it was ensured that various officials from other Covenant countries (especially the inhabitants of northern China) would review the process to give it some legitimacy.
And with the support of Russian capital and the MSDLP, there was already an economic-political backing that also supported the idea, that it was a good idea for Inner Mongolia to join the Russian Empire.
There was even already political support within Russia, with various deputies or even ideologies (such as Eurasianism) in favor of the whole of Mongolia being within the Russian Empire.
The Bogd Lama himself also helped this idea due to his dealings with Tsar Nicholas II. Which led to the support of many of the Buddhist and Mongolian Buddhist leaders, within Russia and Inner Mongolia.
With economic, political and social support of this magnitude, this plan was going from strength to strength in the interests of the Russian Empire.
Another much more delicate matter was what would happen next. Tsar Nicholas II in particular had plans for an even deeper modernization of the Mongol lands and future developments in the Mongolian, Han and Russian zone (among other peoples that would inhabit the region).
*******
[Pleistocene Park]
What is the difference between Pleistocene Park and the Green Wall of Central Asia?
Both were great ecological projects that began under Tsar Alexander III, with the aim of fundamentally changing ecosystems within the imperial territory so that they were much more productive. Programs that could only work decades after they started.
The Green Wall aimed to change the desert lands of Central Asia, combating the possible expansion of the desert and attacking the lack of water or food. While the Pleistocene Park aimed to convert the taiga and tundra (not very fertile and habitable) into a much more productive 'Mammoth' steppe.
The truth is that there are notable differences in both projects and their developments.
In 1923, the Green Wall of Central Asia began to give its results: The Forestry Office of Central Asia and hundreds of workers, accompanied by millions of volunteers, managed to plant 13.37 million trees for the project.
Accompanied by construction of useful transportation for the Green Wall and irrigation projects.
Instead, due to the Russian civil war and the nature of the project itself, there were certain problems in the Pleistocene Park.
The Russian civil war effectively put the project on hold and damaged part of its progress.
In Central Asia, only northern parts of Kazakhstan and smaller areas were disrupted by civil conflict, so the damage to the Green Wall of Central Asia was minimal and paid off after 29 years of continuous work.
On the other hand, the Pleistocene Park (started in 1885, with 36 years of work in 1921) was much more adapted by the war, close to Siberian territories.
The mobilization of population and resources effectively represented the first BIG problem of the Pleistocene Park, which had to be restructured in the post-war period to get back on the right track.
But this would be to ignore other problems that the Plesitocene Park had compared to the Green Wall of Central Asia.
* The Green Wall deals mainly with plants of various types that must be mobilized to Central Asia.
This is not an easy task of course, but the plants were up to a point much easier to deal with.
The only real problem for the Green Wall project was the possibility of a plague infecting its advances, but since 1923, the survival of plants such as trees was around 87.5%.
Which meant that by that point, climate and resources were becoming less and less of a concern for the parts vital to the project's survival (so various resources could be dispatched to deal with the major weaknesses of the project to avoid incidents).
* In contrast, the Pleistocene Park deals with animals, which precisely did not always survive the progress of re-introduction to Siberian territory.
A clear example: Of a population of 40 Yakutian Horses, more than half died after being introduced to the park (15 were killed by predators and 12 died from eating poisonous plants).
This requires importing more animals and later waiting for these populations to learn to survive in the environment.
Only in 1896 (11 years after the start of Pleistocene Park), more animals began to be born in the Pleistocene Park than died.
This was indeed the first victory for the Pleistocene Park, but it was an insignificant victory compared to the objectives the project set for itself.
Each decade the project had some expansion (which meant more resources of course) and small branches of the project were built in nearby regions (territories generally of 1.5 km2 / 150 hectares that would later join the main park).
By 1905 the park had about 80 square kilometers and by 1915 it had already reached 100 square kilometers.
Which could herald positive developments, but the Pleistocene Park (located around the Yakutia area, in the northeast of the Far East) did not have the same voluntary support that the Green Wall and its land did not help any more than Central Asia. In short, it was a complicated project.
Tsar Nicholas II continued to support this legacy of his father as he did with the Green Wall of Central Asia, but there were technological and other limitations associated, the project would simply take much longer than the Green Wall.
However, there were other possible uses associated with the Pleistocene Park.
One example is that in the absence of elephants or mammoths, Russian troops began using Medved (armored vehicles) to cut down trees and flatten the ground, steps necessary for the project. And also it did give some support for the tourism industry and the economy of Yakutia.
Animals in the park during the late reign of Alexander III and early reign of Nicholas II:
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus).
Elk/moose (Alces alces)
Yakutian horse
Muskox (Ovibos moschatus)
Wisent (European bison or Bison bonasus)
Domestic yak (Bos mutus grunniens)
Edilbaevskaya sheep
Kalmykian cattle
Plains bison (Bison bison bison)
Orenburg fur goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)
Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)
Mountain hare (Lepus timidus)
Black-capped marmot (Marmota camtschatica)
Arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii)
Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
Diverse kinds of Vole (small rodents that are relatives of lemmings and hamsters)
Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)
Tundra wolf (Canis lupus albus)
Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus)
Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos)
Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Sable (Martes zibellina)
Stoat (Mustela erminea)
Wolverine (Gulo gulo)
By Nicholas II late reign, the Pleistocene Park also had:
Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)
Altai wapiti or Altai maral (Cervus canadensis sibiricus)
Wild yak (Bos mutus)
Snow sheep (Ovis nivicola)
Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus)
Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus)
Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica)
Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
*******
[International]
*[Central America]
October 2, 1921.
After previous advances in border treaties and the like, progress is being made again towards the formation of another pan-American country in Central America, the Federation of Central America.
This occurs when the legislatures of Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador ratify a treaty for the creation of the same. Costa Rica does not ratify the treaty, but the new Federation of Central America is formed on October 10.
Similar to the previous attempt, the Greater Republic of Central America, the Federation of Central America could have failed very quickly (hardly any deputies from member nations had been elected).
But President Ford decided to support the measure, as long as North American companies (such as the famous United Fruit Company) had great influence in the country and the federation became an American ally-puppet against communism (the Free Republic of Mexico).
We spoke that for the future of this federation, 79% of its exports went to the North American markets, de-facto the United States controlled its production volume and vital sectors such as electricity, communication, mining, agriculture and large estates were in the hands of companies belonging to the United States.
In addition, the US armed forces had a notable presence and influence in the Federation of Central America.
The Federation's 'golden' era was between the early 1930s to the late 1950s, until its final dissolution in 1969 due to internal problems.
But it has an important legacy as the longest-running pan-American project in Central America.
*[Annex]:Between 1946 and 1948, research institutions and the United States government would use the Guatemalan part of the Federation of Central America as a testing ground for developments in bio-medicine research. Hundreds of test subjects (who were unaware of the procedure) would secretly be infected with STDs (syphilis) by the US public health service to see results and obtain biological tests.
A clear example of the lack of transgressions in the use of human subjects for scientific research and other problems
*******
October 5, 33 people die in the Hippo Wars.
Josip Broz Tito after several successful concerts as a pianist (especially in Russia), Josip Broz Tito creates his first professional composition and begins to jump to other sectors of the show.
The first composition, "The Golden Tsar" in honor of Tsar Alexander III, is a success in Moscow. And soon Tito begins to participate in musical comedies, and some movies.
Tito in particular is known in Russia and the Balkans (especially in the Slavic countries), although he had some popularity among Balkan immigrants in the USA (popularity that stopped after 1933).
October 7, the military production sector begins to increase its importance in the United States, later in the twentieth century, the 'military hardware' is one of the most important pieces of US exports.
October 10, official formation of the Federation of Central America.
There are 'four' capitals in the country:
*Guatemala city (Guatemala) is the judicial capital.
*Teguacigalpa (Honduras) is the legislative capital.
*Managua (Nicaragua) is the executive capital.
*San Salvador (El Salvador) has the national bank, and its the 'economic capital' of the country for it.
The economy of the country is mainly an export economy of agricultural products (such as fruits).
The Free Republic of Mexico, as a result of the formation of the Federation of Central America, is effectively surrounded from north to south by countries unfriendly to socialism and Mexican interests.
To the north are the United Mexican States (in essence, an American puppet) and the United States itself, while to the south is the Federation of Central America (another American puppet).
And to the west and east are the oceans, dominated by the much larger capitalist navies.
As a result, the Free Republic of Mexico begins to develop its military and ideological defenses (its own media and propaganda to counter the American media).
Unfortunately in terms of quantity of money and economic size, socialist Mexico cannot compete with the USA.
What Mexico can do is use the Tehuantepec Canal as an asset for diplomatic-economic pressure, but misusing this letter could prove fatal for Mexico (economically or diplomatically), due to a possible intervention or other factors.
October 13, the Swedish Social Democratic leader Hjalmar Branting is assassinated by right-wing militants, associated with ultra-right movements such as the one led by Adolf Hitler.
October 14, the Democratic-Nat Republican alliance increases the number of seats in the United States House of Representatives to 460.
This alliance aims to increase seats to reduce the power of the socialist opposition within the Houses of the United States government.
October 18, a significant drop in international trade and price shooting affects the various international currencies after the crises in London and Moscow.
After the civil wars, Moscow, London, Washington and Red Europe can recover economically, for the most part. But other smaller countries (like those in Latin America and Asia) will be affected until the late 1920s.
October 19, civil violence between different communist groups in the Federative Socialist Republic of Italy increases.
Death of the American in charge of relations between the United States and the People's Republic of France, Myron T. Herrick.
Due to the growing bad relations between the US and the socialist countries, Herrick's agenda is usually light-hearted. But today in particular he received a package containing an explosive (a British-made fragmentation hand grenade).
Due to the bomb, Herrick and part of his associates die, launching various diplomatic problems.
Although the grenade is British-made, there was no evidence that the British were actually related to the attack.
October 21, Queen Consort Milena (wife of the late King Nikola I of Montenegro) leaves the government and as a consequence, the situation of the Montenegrin monarchy continues to deteriorate.
The president of the People's Republic of France, Paul Faure, begins to cut back and limit French support for foreign communist groups-personalities.
As a result of Faure's moderation and revisionism (eventually becoming more of a centrist-moderate with a communist aesthetic), there is a damage in communist movements mainly supported by France.
Instead the training and education of communist leaders and groups from other places such as Asia and Latin America is progressively moving to the Free Republic of Germany.
In general within the communist bloc, Germany and France were the two great powers that co-ordinated the movement.
But under Faure's presidency, frictions began that would eventually lead to a point of conflict. And this point of conflict would decide who would be the leader of European communism.
A block with two powers had to become a block with one power, at least for the moment. Faure's presidency was progressively more dangerous for the Red Europe.
October 22, George S. Patton is convinced by his military-partner Harry S. Truman to join the Silver Legion of America.
The membership of various military members in the Silver Legion, a group of the ultra-right, would prove to be an element of importance much later on.
October 23, more than 350,000 workers (mainly engineers, trainmen, firemen, conductors and switchmen) go on strike in the United States.
October 24, the United States Senate prohibits the prescription of alcohol (beer, wine, whiskey and others), effectively increasing the prohibition of the United States of America.
October 26, the Chicago Theater opens, today the oldest 'Cinematographic Palace' in the United States of America.
President Henry Ford talks about the need for segregation between white and African American citizens, but that there must be equality in economic life between the races of the United States of America.
This is criticized by members of Ford's own alliance (the National Republicans and the Democrats):
"Of course, every rational being desires to see the Negro protected in his life, liberty and property. I believe in giving him every right under the law to which he is entitled, but to encourage the Negro in this ...
If the President's theory ... that the black person, either man or woman, should have full economic rights with the white man or white woman, then that means that the black man can strive to become President of the United States ...
It means white women should work under black men in public places, as well as in all trades and professions ... Place the negro upon political and economic equality with the white man or woman, and the friction between the races will be aggravated. "
-A Democratic senator facing the words of President Ford.
(OOC: Something like this was said by U.S. Senator Pat Harrison of Mississippi before a speech by U.S. President Warren G. Harding at the 50th anniversary of the founding of Birmingham, Alabama.)
At that time the NatRepublican and Democrat alliance was in a difficult spot. For the moment Ford was politically indispensable, but their politic for African American voters was difficult.
The alliance was between continuing to take away or hamper African American voting rights (literacy tests and other measures) or trying to attract black voters to undermine the S-CPUSA (anti-segregationist and pro-racial equality).
Ultimately the group settled on the first option (take away or hurt the African American voting rights), forcing Ford to compromise on certain issues (although he continued to support equal pay regardless of race).
October 27, President Ford pushes for more anti-union policies and worker-led activities after the Battle of Blair Mountain and nationwide strike threats.
October 28, major economic recession in the US agricultural sector makes the food situation in the country even more difficult.
The richest middle-class regions suffer some problems but can survive. But the poorest have even more difficulties, and in the areas most affected by the Dust Bowl they are practically starving.
35 people die in the Hippo Wars.
October 30, elections for the Congress of the Federation of Central America.
The congressmen will officially meet on January 15, 1922.
October 31, the International Spartacist Federation of Women's Sports in Red Europe is founded in the Free Republic of Germany.
This formally begins the Spartakiade, the largest multi-sport competition in the socialist countries of Europe (which spread in particular after 1935-1943).
439 of the opposition leaders (Commons and others) in the Home Islands civil war are shot by troops loyal to the monarchy, the Lords and the State Council.
A severe blow to this side during the civil war, which leans more and more in favor of the loyalists to the State Council and King-Emperor Edward VIII.
November 1, after a meeting, President Henry Ford finally gives in to politicians who opposed his "equal economic rights for all races" in the United States.
But Ford obviously wants something in return, and consequently the Fordist attack on US bodies that oppose his power is increasingly successful.
In general, the Fordist period includes several features in its system of government over time:
* Strengthening the sole power of the president.
* Weakening of constitutional bodies that could oppose presidential unilateralism.
* Strengthening of think tanks (particularly their influence in the US government) and Big Businesses.
* Attack against unions, workers' cooperatives and socialist parties such as the S-CPUSA.
* Extreme populism and proliferation of militant groups, some especially related to the National Republican Party, such as the KKK or the Silver Legion.
November 4, militant officers belonging to the Imperial Japanese Navy assassinate several leaders of the Rikken Seiyūkai party.
Voting in the revolutionary socialist-communist movements of India decide that Anarchism and non-militant independence movements are counter-revolutionaries.
This causes major conflicts between Indian Communists and Indian Anarchists (and even with other British Raj separatists), resulting in various civil conflicts.
Even a common enemy like British colonialism-imperialism cannot completely stop infighting between groups like these, which for the moment lacked a fully organized and centralized leadership or a completely common leader.
November 11-12, a little over 1 month after its foundation, the first anti-government rebels of the Federation of Central America were created and trouble started around the Nicaraguan area.
Government and American troops manage to put down these rebels, but political instability (civil conflicts and civil-military dictatorships) will be a constant in various parts of the history of the Federation of Central America.
November 13, birth control advocate Margaret Sanger is arrested by New York police officers as she spoke about birth control before an audience of women and men at the town's conference forum (The Town Hall).
November 14, 1921, a group of 5 Mexican anti-communists carried out an attack against the president of the Free Republic of Mexico, Pancho Villa.
An explosive and several shots are fired at the vehicle where President Villa was traveling, resulting in the destruction of part of the vehicle and several shots. 16 shots hit President Villa, who died a few hours later.
The anti-communists were shot down by state security, but it was too late.
There is no doubt that this was done by Mexican anticommunists and by assets related to the United States, who increasingly wanted Mexican communism out of power.
The vice president, Felipe Carrillo Puerto, becomes interim president of the Free Republic of Mexico until 1924.
The Free Republic of Mexico holds a state funeral for its president and military-revolutionary leader, who in modern times is one of the key figures of the far-left movement in Mexico (which honors people like Villa, Carrillo Puerto, Zapata, los Madero brothers, etc).
November 16, the US government manages to successfully crush the railroad strikes in several important points, but the socio-economic and labor instability in the United States continues.
While southern India mostly remains loyal to the British Raj (as opposed to the north, where the major focal points of resistance are), the exception is Kerala, where groups of various religions-cultures form an underground resistance group.
Which marks in the future the importance of Kerala in the policies of the Indian central government in the south of the Subcontinent.
November 17, broadcasting expands to Australia and New Zealand.
November 19-23, President Henry Ford of the United States approves the start of federal funding for prenatal care and child care.
An important advance in the welfare system in the United States.
One of Ford's positive legacies, which was subsequently reduced over time in favor of more privatization measures, free trade, and reduced government intervention in the economy.
November 21, the rights of the elites of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa increase due to their dealings with the State Council and King-Emperor Edward VIII.
This is part of the promises made in exchange for support during the troubles in the Home Islands.
November 22, the problems between King-Emperor Edward VIII and Dowager Queen Alix and her daughters (old family of King-Emperor Albert Victor) increase.
November 25, Emperor Taishō in a historical event, abdicates his throne in favor of his son, Crown Prince Hirohito (later known as Emperor Shōwa).
Such an abdication has not happened since at least 1819 (just over 100 years ago). This abdication was promoted by the Imperial Japanese Navy and Emperor Taishō's mental problems.
This currently gains some popularity for the "National Security Regency" (civil-military dictatorship), led by the IJN over Japan and allows them to further control the 20-year-old young emperor (which due to the military regency-dictatorship, is mainly engaged in performing religious ceremonies).
December 4, there is a growth between 25% and 60% in the cost of living worldwide.
Costs come down later of course, but at the time it was very alarming.
December 5, a Government meeting shows a deficit of 167,571,977 dollars in the budget of the United States for the period 1922-1923, the second presidential term of the Ford administration.
December 6, 11,000 draft evaders in the United States join paramilitary-militant groups in the polarized country.
US President Henry Ford addresses a joint session of Congress to deliver his State of the Union address in person (a custom of Ford, who preferred to do this rather than send the address to be read aloud).
Ford advocated for:
* Early repayment of external debts.
* Continue deregulation of the US economy.
* The need for relief programs for agricultural cooperative associations.
* Tax reduction for various business sectors in the United States.
* Increase urban projects in the United States.
* Review the Free Silver law.
December 7, after the Battle of Blair Mountain, more trouble in the United States.
A violent riot involves approximately 36,000 people, after Chicago city police tried to arrest several involved in a meatpackers strike.
Nine people were shot, one fatally, and violence spread to Omaha, Nebraska and South St. Paul (Minnesota).
After this the Ford administration continues to become tougher against the unions and strikers (and the Democratic-NatRepublican alliance continues to strengthen behind Ford).
December 9, 23 people die in the Hippo Wars.
December 16, there is a cooperation between Josip Broz Tito and Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev, who premieres his Piano Concerto No. 3.
December 17, the United States government puts a vote on whether the Panama Canal should be built or not.
Building it would result in the United States not being dependent on the Tehuantepec Canal, but doing so would be costly in material and human terms.
The vote decides that the time is not right to start the construction of the Panama Canal.
Consequently, the US government points in a 'north direction', it is necessary to finally bring communist Mexico to its knees so that the Tehuantepec canal serves North American interests.
After this vote, the role of organizations such as Congress in foreign policy begins to weaken and the importance of think tanks such as the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is strengthened.