Articulating everything takes time - July-September, 1929.

Religious extremism and Neo-Paganism in European Russia]

Neo-Paganism, 'Contemporary Paganism' or 'Modern Paganism', is a term generally used to refer to religions, families of religions or religious movements that are influenced by historical (usually pre-Christian) religious beliefs.

Although they share similarities, neo-pagan movements are diverse and often do not share a single set of beliefs, practices or texts and scholars are divided on how to treat and study these phenomena- some are arguably serious, odd cults, etc.

Neo-Paganism generally finds its origin in the romantic and national liberation movements that developed in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries.

The 19th century saw a rise in interest in Germanic paganism with the Viking revival in Victorian Britain and Scandinavia, and the popular movement in the German Empire - and later, to some extent, the Imperial Federation and the Prussian Republic.

These currents coincided with a romantic interest in folklore and the occult.

Arguably, this rise coincided with a decline of Christianity, which although briefly recaptured the Holy Land under France and firmly recaptured Constantinople under Russia, had lost ground everywhere.

There was a decline in religious conformity and the rise of religious freedom allowed one to explore a wider range of options in spiritual matters - although it is also true that arguably, Atheism (Communist countries) or Secularism became more popular than Neo-Paganism, at least as official doctrines in said, Europe and the Middle East.

As mentioned above, modern pagan movements do not have any unified set of beliefs or texts, and to be honest, they themselves and the scientific community do not have all the pieces in most pre-Christian/pre-Abrahamic cults either.

And there are several problems, debates and currents around modern Paganism (eco-paganism, LGBT+ paganism, debates around ethnicity, historicity debates, etc).

*[Russian context]

Various definitions of Neo-Paganism as a term have been given in Russia (all or most from the late 20th century to early 21th century):

*Professor Andrey Anatolyevich Beskov talks about the vagueness of the semantic content of the terms "paganism" and "neopaganism".

In his opinion, it is extremely difficult to give an exhaustive definition of neopaganism due to the amorphous nature and "imperfection" of the religious categorical apparatus.

*Religious scholars Viktor Mikhailovich Gaidukov and and E. Yu. Skachkova wrote that in modern science there is no single definition of a religious direction called neopaganism.

Gaidukov uses: "A set of religious, para-religious, socio-political and cultural-historical associations and movements, which, in their activities, resort to pre-Christian beliefs and cults, ritual and magical practices, are engaged in their revival and reconstruction."

And both authors separate two terms:

1- Modern paganism, as a tradition that exists continuously, although it has changed in response to the challenges of modernity (among the Mari, Udmurts, Ossetians, etc.).

2- New New Paganism or Neo-paganism (among peoples who have historically departed from the pagan past, including in this category Slavic neo-paganism), a tradition built on the basis of the ideas of an author or authors.

*Archaeologist Viktor Aleksandrovich Shnirelman distinguishes two currents in neopaganism:

1 - Speculative neopaganism, widespread among the urban intelligentsia, which has lost all connection with tradition.

2 - Truly popular culture, and the revival of popular religion in the village, where Shnirelman argues that an unbroken line of succession can often be traced back to the past (also debatable of course).

According to Shnirelman, all modern paganism in Russia (among Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Latvians and Armenians) is the first, and one can safely speak of an 'invention of tradition'.

*Religious scholar Alexander Viktorovich Gurko considers neopaganism as "new religions built on the basis of polytheistic beliefs in order to seek a new ethnic identity and / or develop a new ideological system".

Speaking only of European Russia, we can in fact identify several Neo-Pagan moments, generally associated with ethnic-regional trends, mentioning only the most important ones:

*The Slavic (among Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles, etc).

*The Finno-Ugric (among Estonians, Finns, etc).

*The Baltic (among Lithuanians and Latvians).

* The Germanic (among various populations, not only Germans).

All these movements find their origin in the 19th century, as various directions of the development of national romanticism (with such components as the idealization of the historical or mythological past of a particular people, dissatisfaction with modernity, etc.).

Focusing more on Slavic neo-paganism (arguably the more developed one in Eastern Europe), images of Slavic paganism were used in several successful works of classical Russian literature with the aesthetic ideas of the Romantic era - thus the ballad 'Svetlana' (Vasily Zhukovsky, 1813) associated mystical aspirations, common in European literature of the time, with ethnic-Slavic motifs.

The poem "The Last Son of Freedom" (by Mikhail Lermontov, 1831) uses the Slavic gods as a symbol of the freedom of the Slavic freemen, ending when "the impudent Varangian conquered the Slavic gods." (the Varangian, being Rurik).

This success was facilitated by the publication of Old Russian literature at that time, such as "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" discovered at the end of the 18th century, and the appearance of research papers on Russian history and Slavic mythology (such as the works of A. N. Afanasyev).

The Russians were not the only ones, neo-pagan tendencies also appeared among Poles, Czechs, etc.

*In 1818, the Polish-Russian ethnographer Zorian Dolenga-Khodakovsky in his work "On the Slavs before Christianity" (O Sławiańszczyźnie przed chrześcijaństwem) advocated the revival of paganism and the fallacy of Christianization of the Slavs.

*B. F. Trentovsky in the book "The Slavic Faith, or Ethics Governing the Universe" ( Wiara słowiańska, czyli etyka piastująca wszechświat, 1848) wrote that the Slavic gods are manifestations of a single god, including the Christian one.

*In 1839 the doctor and teacher Karel Slavoj Amerling founded the Brotherhood of Believers of the New Slavic Religion (Bratrstvo Věrníků Nového Náboženství Slávského, in Czech), whose teachings are seen as pantheism and as a means of Czech national revival.

*Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko in the story "Zakhar Berkut" (1882), about the struggle of the Carpathian Rusyns with the Mongols, shows a positive attitude towards Slavic paganism.

This as a result of the socio-political ideals of the author, since there is no clear origin from where Franko got his ideas about the old Slavic religion - Franko adhered to the idea of a communal system, which corresponds to this "pure communal religion and free" from the ancient Slavic gods and their myths.

*Neo-Paganism in general was a lot less popular among Belarusians and South Slavs, but eventually it got there decades later.

And this trend continued in the 20th century, where Russian literature, poetry and comics continue to have pagan motifs, in a strongly orthodox society.

In poetry and literature ideas about Slavic paganism were part of Russian cultural codes (according to some authors, 'imbued' with pagan and Slavic folk motifs despite everything) - Perun becomes a popular character.

And we see this also in 'pop' culture, where Perun becomes a comic book hero and fantasy works like The Witcher portray some pre-Christian Eastern European concepts.

With the Russosphere and a nation of nations existing in Russia, it is not surprising that these cultural codes also existed to some extent, more subtle or more direct, among Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians and Czechoslovaks.

Although being obviously looked at with indifference or disdain from the Russian Orthodox Church and the state apparatus of the time, faithful Orthodox, secularists or supporters of the '5 pillars' of traditional Russian religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism and Animism - among which this neo-paganism had no place, although it could share characteristics with said religions).

Everything changed of course with the Second World War and the Russian Civil War, with Neo-Paganism becoming something 'true', theoretically at least, something beyond simple groups of intellectuals or artists - of the latter let's take as an example the group " Krasa" founded in 1915, whose goal was to revive the poetic world of folk songs, fairy tales and legends "turning our gaze to the distant past, to Slavic mythology, Russian antiquity, pagan Rus."

This true existence of pagan groups, more oriented towards social, religious and political organization, came with its good and bad things - there were those pagans that didn't really hurt anyone with their beliefs (however strange they were), and extremists...

This is the result of ideas more or less associated with Neo-Paganism, such as a racial-ethnic orientation that is present in said 'resurrection' of a mythological past. Said orientation is not present in all Neo-Pagan groups, but in those that are, it can perfectly give rise to supremacist ideas, generally associated with extremism.

Among some army battalions, made up of Russians, Poles and Ukrainians, some forms of neo-pagan worship - worshiping Perun, Svetovit, Veles, Rod, Svarog, etc. - became popular.

They had no official status and it's hard to get a clear idea of the true scale of these groups, but even the Russian general and marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky is known to have had his Neo-pagan leanings.

Then there were some civil groups, which formed in urban centers as a result of extensive intellectual activity.

These groups weren't doing anything particularly extremist or illegal, although they were definitely not entirely frowned upon either - however also during the late 20s and early 30s the more dangerous versions of the Neo-Pagans emerged, actually associated with Christian extremism. ...

*[New Greens: Christian 'crusaders' + Neo-pagan 'warriors' in the same group]

The New Greens arose, and with them an extremism with messianic characteristics and other ideas such as Aryanism, which gave rise to curious religious extremisms among the Russian ultra-right.

It occurred within the same group, two pairs of religious extremisms that in theory, at least, were allies or friends... all very rare.

1- The 'West Wing', so called because it was based in Western Ukraine and parts of Poland - where there were Christian extremists (both Orthodox and Catholic).[1]

2- The 'East Wing', so called because it was based in Eastern Ukraine and Southern Russia - where there was a certain amount of Neo-Pagans, of Germanic tendency.

Although they were mostly Slavic, they simply adopted a new cult of Odin/Wotan, and Germanic neo-pagan symbolism.[2]

The majority of Russian citizens in Europe were spiritually strongly Abrahamic (Christians, Jews or Muslims) and did not take kindly the terrorist attacks by Christian extremists or Slavic Neo-Pagans posing as Germanic cultists.

Being something new and quite minimal, soon there was some fear of the emergence of these new cults - which is why in the forests there were temples or rituals of a more 'secret' nature among the harmless Neo-Pagans...

Which didn't help their image much, really.

As at the end of the day Neo-Paganism itself was not the problem, certain groups, despite the stigmata, continued - and arguably had a renaissance in the second half of the 20th century, with Perun still a popular deity.

But that's another topic for discussion...

Arguably at the end of the day it doesn't matter if the Neo-Pagans in European Russia are left or right, 'new or old', ideologues, terrorists etc - we would always get into the Ship of Theseus dilemma, as to whether they are' real' or just imitation.

*[Other]

Going to other parts of cultures, then there are even neo-pagan movements among the Turkic-Mongolian, Semitic, Armenian, Native American and other peoples, but that is another different matter.

[1] As a result of the influence of previous groups during the civil war, the Black Hundreds, etc.

[2] A possible explanation is his mentioned relationship with the foreigner.

***

[Christianity in Korea]

Although the majority of the people of the Korean peninsula are definitely not Christians, we do have curious cases of the importance of said religion in some focal developments of it.

See for example the Social Democratic Labor Party of Korea (one of the first organized parties of the Korean people inside the Russian Empire), which in its mobilization processes included: farmer-peasants, industrial workers, teachers, students, 'intellectuals' (in the Korean context, usually considered a separate class) and progressive religious members (among whom Christians were included, generally Orthodox).

The Christians of Bongwha-ri (Hwaseong, southern part of the peninsula), Pyongyang, and Kangdong (now Pyongyang county) for example formed one of the most legally active communities on the Korean peninsula during the 1910s-1940s.

Providing important community services during that time and serving in the development of lawyers and schools.

Most Korean politicians are not Christians either, but we have cases where they were introduced to the teachings of the religion and later used certain tactics or ideas of Christianity.

Kim Hyong-jik, a politician of the SDLPK, was openly atheist (something very rare for the time), in his words "service to the country was more pressing than deities"[1] - his son Kim Il Sung followed the same doctrine, but was introduced to Christianity by his mother and aunt, who attended services of the Korean Orthodox Church (a self-governing branch of the Russian Orthodox Church) in Songsan.

"There is a military academy there now, but in those days, there was a Orthodox church there. There were quite a few Christians in Nam-ri and the adjoining regions at the time. Many people believed that they would go to Heaven if they followed Christ's teachings; Jesus would save them from their misery on Earth; faith in Christ would give them a better life after death. Children attended church services with their parents. The church membership grew rapidly. Occasionally, the church gave candies and free books to the kids, and hordes of kids went to the church on Sundays for the gifts."

-Kim Il-Sung about his introduction to Christianity.

In his words, he and friends later attended church more out of curiosity than faith in Christ.

Some argue that Christianity in Korea was understood, at that time, more as a kind of 'humanitarianism' and novelty - rather than a religion as understood in Europe.

And it was these humanitarian ideas of 'peace on earth and goodwill to all mankind', which were adopted by certain political groups - who saw no contradiction between Christian humanitarianism, and Korean politics.

At that time represented by the Social Democratic Labor Party of Korea, the National Democratic Party (국민민주당) and the Triune Party (삼위일체 파티).

Although Korea was certainly an industrial region, prosperous and increasingly organized in every way - it's obvious that spiritual matters were still a thing.

"One evening, my friends and I were passing by the funeral home located by a hill near Mangyong-dae.

The home was a place where the village funeral hearse was stored. When I was a kid, I was scared death of that funeral home. When we were about to pass by the place, one of the kids screamed - "Hey, there is a ghost coming out of there!" We thought we saw something, too, and took off running for life. I did not notice that my shoes came off my running feet. Losing one's shoes was like losing one's fortune. I dared not to go home without my shoes. I stayed at a friend's house that night and recovered my shoes next morning. When I told Mother what happened, she said: "Sung Ju - next time you pass by that place, sing. Singing scares away ghosts". Since then I sang when I walked by the funeral home, and I was no longer scared."

-Tales of Korean children.

Ahn Sin Ho (sister of Ahn Changho, one of the early leaders of the National Democratic Party[2] in Korea, Russia) was the first vice-chairwoman of the Democratic Women's League in the north of the Korean peninsula (Nampo), and was a devout Christian .

According to contemporary accounts, she carried the Bible day and night.

Korean politicians also began to appropriate what they saw as "street gimmicks" with skills picked up from religious studies, which were very useful for disseminating propaganda.

An example is 'sugar water', originating from Chinese storytellers, adopted by leftist Koreans and endowed with Christian-progressive rhetoric.

"Every Saturday and Sunday, we met at Jirin Chapel or at Buksan Park and held book reviews.

At first there were some love story reviews but they were not well received and soon no one talked about love stories and all reviews were serious political books.

In order to attract more people to our indoctrination program, we tried our hand at the "Sugar Water" approach.

One day, I got sick and had to skip some classes. On my way home, I passed by Buksan and noticed a large crowd was gathered listening to a storyteller. He was reciting the epic story of "Three Nations" from memory. When he came to the heroic battle of Je Kalring, he beat a drum to dramatize his story. When he came to a dramatic section, he stopped and passed a hat for donation.

This sales gimmick was called "Sugar Water" by the Chinese people. It worked well with the mass.

We adapted this technique for our movement. We had a fellow who was good at cracking jokes and talked well. We had him work with Christians. He could recite the Bible backward and forward and offered wonderful prayers; he was better than any preacher I knew. The Chinese storyteller did it for money nut our storyteller did it for our causes. Our man used some juicy love stories and at critical moments, he stopped and did some propaganda, and then moved on to the next climactic moment. After an hour or so, his act continued to the next day, and next day; it became a continuous event."

Of course, not everyone in Korea saw Christianity as the religious, social and political endgame - in the opinion of some, singing hymns and praying were more like 'bad habits' or 'useless habits', keeping the youth away from important matters.

"It is better to work for food than ask God for free meals" a position held by both the Korean left and right.

Of course, though, telling Korean children of Christian families (by this point, a few generations back) "God doesn't exist" wasn't going to change their faith.

[1] Kim Hyong-jik (1894-1926) was never that popular, but not because of his postures, rather because he was usually sick most of his time in his politician career.

So is difficult to say at the time, if said idea really was popular or not among Korean people.

[2] Despite being Ahn Changho's sister, Ahn Sin Ho later joined the rival Social Democratic Labor Party of Korea.

***

[Baltic dreams]

The Baltic regions of Russia saw from 1924 to 1932 considerable development in several areas.

Under other conditions, it would have been quite difficult for the Baltic region to abandon forms of colonial relations with other, more powerful countries (where it would serve very simply as a source of natural raw materials and some goods, such as the dairy industry).

The doctrine of imperial administration during Nicholas II and his Chairmans consciously planned a strong industrial base, which led to the establishment of infrastructure of industrial plants and factories.

"Before, there was only wasteland here - now we have a cement factory, a textile plant, a radio factory, etc."

Locally speaking, the mid 1920s to early 1930s saw the flourishing of metal and machine working, and wood working in the Baltic, but also the flourishing of greater social safeguards (unemployment protection, old age pensions, pensions, health services, etc).

Tens of millions of rubles were invested in the energy industry (electricity or energy is vital for economic activity, and a clear favorable indicator of economic growth), the chemical industry, machinery, textiles, paper, printing and publishing. And also on some of the important cities of the Baltic.

The factories of the Baltic became a patchwork of various nationalities, in the electrical sector of a single Lithuanian company up to 33 different nationalities of the Russian Empire can be detected - and there were nationalities of the Russian Colonial Empire too (one of the functions of a colony is to serve as a source of manpower).

Incidentally, these ethnicities could only communicate with each other using Russian, it should be said.

Vast housing complexes were built along with a sanatorium, special resorts for all kinds of diseases (particularly for children), modern schools, etc.

Money holes, from an investor's point of view - most of these investments do not give short-term profits or profits in general.

In any case, the long-term results are considerable for the treasury of the entire Empire. In July 9 of 1929, the artificial silk industry was created in Lithuania, which later spread to the rest of the Baltics, becoming so popular in the area that it covered the initial investments in about 2 years.

While the period of the last few years before the war and World War III itself saw some slowdown, the Baltics have never really stopped dreaming.

The vast residential complexes would become the promise that every Russian citizen in the Baltics would own their own apartment by the year 2000, and in the 1970s there was talk of the cybernetic automatization of the local economy and national economy by the 1990s.

***

[China}

(Flag of the Russian East Asian Shipping Company...I think its an interesting flag lol)

Historically there have been periods of division between southern and northern China, but "China" as a civilization or concept, has always reinvented and restructured itself in order to exist again or continue to exist.

To name some examples of the historical division between North and South China, we can see:

The Three Kingdoms (220–280)

The Sixteen Kingdoms (317–420), and Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–589)

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960)

And the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) and Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

This period in the late 19th-early 20th century seemed like another one of these periods...

But this time there would be more bumps in the road to any unification, such as the codification of coherent identities between North and South. And a whole series of economic disparities between the northern countries, and the Republic of China in the south (Northerns have eliminated poverty in their countries, while the South remains one of the poorest and most economically disparate countries in the world).

The Northern identity developed more throughout the entire 20th century, while the Southern identity developed much more in the second half of the 20th century.

And this without including local loyalties to linguistically and culturally distinct regions within a province, prefecture, county, town and village - which exist in both identities.

It can be argued that obviously these were artificial divisions, but all these contradictions and situations also have their precedents - what happened is that everything began to articulate in a new way...

For example, a growing new elite of Northern leaders was emerging, who were not so sure they wanted to unify the South, be absorbed by the South, or deal with the South.

***

[Space - the first known LOR]

July 15 of 1929, in Novosibirsk "Conquest of Interplanetary Space" by Aleksandr Ignatyevich Shargei was published.

Shargei was a pioneer of astronautics and space flight, and his book is one of the first, if not the first known work, where a Lunar Orbit Rendezvous (LOR) is presented.

Key concept for landing and return spaceflight from Earth to the Moon, not to mention that the LOR was used to plan the first moon landing/first human spaceflight to the Moon.

Aleksandr Shargei was born in Poltava*, 1897, the son of Baroness Lyudmila Lvovna Shargei (née Schlipenbach, a Russified Swede, professor of French and geography in Kiev) and Ignacio Benditovich (Benediktovich) Shargei (engineer-technologist and Jewish convert to Catholicism). .

From 1910 to 1916 he studied at the Second Poltava Men's Gymnasium and graduated with a silver medal. His father died of sepsis around 1910 and his mother, already afflicted with mental illness for some time, died in 1913.

In 1916 he briefly enrolled in a Petrograd cadet school, but didn't really see much action in World War II, so he ended up at the Petrograd Polytechnic.

During the Russian civil war it is said that he was mobilized by the rebels in the south of Russia (or that he cooperated with the rebels, it depends on the version), and later tried to desert and leave the country on foot - in the end he did not succeed, and just reentered society normally after the civil war without major consequences.

After the civil war Shargei ended up working for the state in reconstruction as an oiler, trailer driver and mechanic in southern Ukraine, the Kuban, the Caucasus and finally Siberia.

There he got another job at a branch of the Khleboprodukt company in Novosibirsk, where he had to participate in the construction and improvement of elevators - where he worked on the elevators of some of the largest granaries in the world.

Shargei even gave lectures on the mechanization of grain storage on repeated visits to Biysk (Altai) during this time.

A definitely curious resume, because as we mentioned before, Shargei was a visionary in the space field, not only presenting the LOR.

In "Conquest of Interplanetary Space" (a more exhaustive development of texts written first in the late 10s by Shargei, which changed over the years), several things were raised:

*Independently of Tsiolkovsky, he derived the basic equation of rocket motion with an original method, gave a diagram and description of a four-stage rocket with oxygen and hydrogen fuel, an engine combustion chamber with a staggered arrangement, and another of oxidizer, and fuel nozzles, a paraboloid nozzle, and much more.

*Use of the atmospheric drag to slow the rocket down during descent to save fuel.

*When flying to other planets, put the ship in orbit of an artificial satellite, and to land a person on them and return to the ship, use a small takeoff and landing craft (proposal later implemented in space programs).

*Use of the gravitational field of approaching celestial bodies to further accelerate or decelerate the spacecraft when flying in the solar system (gravitational slingshot, gravity assist maneuver, or swing-by as known in orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering).

*He also considered the possibility of using solar energy to power systems aboard spacecraft (as well as the possibility of placing large mirrors in near-Earth orbit to illuminate the Earth's surface...less likely).

*He outlined the sequence of the early stages of space exploration.

*He proposed in the book to use rocket and artillery systems to supply satellites in near-Earth orbit (today this proposal has been implemented in the form of expendable cargo spacecraft like the Прогресс [Progress]).

*And investigated the thermal protection problems of spacecraft during their movement in the atmosphere.

The text was printed at the Siberian Krai Union printing house and self-published by Aleksandr Shargei, with a circulation of 2,000 copies.

A humble beginning, for one of the reasons that a little less than 40 years later, would lead man to set foot on the Moon.

Despite attracting attention, it wasn't until two years later that Shargei began working more closely with the government, specially with Sergei Korolev - not yet with a proper space program, but with its rocket projects.

During the 1930s, Shargei also worked at the Novosibirsk coal enterprises (together with the GULag system) and at the Crimean wind farms.

There is a whole mythology in the field of Russian rocketry and space science, which actually has its origins in Early Stalinism and Russian first half of the XX century, and is a curious subject to investigate on its own.

* Fun fact: His great-grandfather was Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach, who was captured at the Battle of Poltava (1709).

***

[Motorcycle culture beginnings in Russia]

The motorcycle culture is something quite curious, which forms a circle especially in the northern hemisphere of the world (Russia, USA and some other countries).

In a Russian context it all starts in the late 20s, since September 1929, mainly Japanese army and air force officers start to be demobilized, as the decline of the Japanese Empire continues.

Some of these officers end up in Russia, which offered more opportunities than the home archipelago.

Here these Japanese veterans met with the Cossacks, among whom custom car making was becoming quite popular - gang-like activities to seek adrenaline developed on city streets and the beginnings of motorcycle culture in Russia.

Then World War III happened, adding to the mix a host of veterans hailing from the various backgrounds of the Imperial territory.

A route was formed, which followed the geography of the Russian Empire - from Eastern Europe to Eastern Asia, forming a 'belt' that later gave rise to the youth of the 50s-60s who were the first 'true' motorcycle youth of the Russian Empire.

A similar phenomenon occurred in the United States after the Crash of '33 and World War III (roots of said youth subculture), where urban ethnic youth, white working-class youth, and others gained a fascination with motorcycles.

Partly an act of rebellion against the riotous cities, designed by 'old men' of the government and things like that.

Zakharovo, Cherepovets, Vologda in the 1960s - these were some of the 'cool guys' in the Russian Empire during these times.

[International]

July 2, Mill Valley (California, USA) is devastated by a fire.

July 5, Imperial police seized twelve paintings of nudes by David Herbert Lawrence from a gallery in Mayfair (city of Westminster, England) on grounds of indecency.

Lawrence would die in March of 1930, by then his reputation was that of a pornographer who had wasted his considerable talents, an opinion that was maintained in the atmosphere of the Imperial Federation until the end of World War III - the government and society of the post-war no longer cared about Lawrence's works, not that it rehabilitated him and his work, but it's slightly better than the previous position.

July 8, East Germany opens its first major aviation museum in Mecklenburg, on the 91st anniversary of the birthday of Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin.

July 10, in the US the paper currency changes size to the modern standard with the so-called Series 1928. The new bills were about 69% the size of the previous bills (6.14 inches vs. 7.42 inches long, and 2.61 inches vs. 3.125 inches wide).

July 15, the McAdoo administration in the United States establishes the Federal Farm Board, a federal body that attempted to stop the downward spiral of crop prices that was returning to the United States after the Fordist administration and climate change at the time, which hurt the US agricultural sector (cotton and grain production in particular suffered during those years).

The Board's solution was to try to buy and store surplus production to artificially control prices in the country's market.

In the end, the Board did not help much, being replaced after 1933-1943 by the new American administrations, which no longer saw much use for it.

July 16, the Chilean transport ship Abtao sank in a storm off the coast of San Antonio - only two members of the crew of forty-three survived the event.

July 19, in Kongens Nytorv, Copenhagen, the interior of the Royal Danish Theatre was partially destroyed by a fire.

July 20, a fire destroys a quarter of the old part of the city of Ankara (socialist Turkey), leaving 2000 homeless until the government rebuilt public housing.

July 26, the island of Lipari, in the Federative Socialist Republic of Italy, also became a place of confinement during the government of the time.

Some right-wing deserters later spoke of their 'daring escapes' from the island before World War III in the Italian Libya, it didn't take long to say that said deserters later found themselves on the losing side, regardless of their positions.

Those prisoners who were 'leftists' or just non-rightists, but against the Communist government, weren't so lucky, because there wasn't really much places for them to escape to and were close enough. The most famous of the latter was Carlo Alberto Rosselli, who had a doctrine of 'liberal socialism' and non-Marxist socialism, a cardinal sin in communist Italy.

Explosion in the cruiser HMS Devonshire of the Imperial Federation results in the death of 19 people.

July 28, a prison riot broke out at Auburn State Prison in New York . USA, resulted in four inmates escaping, two inmates being killed and four guards shot.

July 29, cotton workers in the Imperial Federation see their wages being cut by 12.5%.

July 31, the US-American youth magazine "The Youth's Companion" ceased to exist after 102 years, merging with the rival magazine "The American Boy" (in their good times, the largest magazine for boys in the USA).

August 1, the first-ever congress on radiation therapy opened in Paris, France.

August 3, part of the Muslim aristocracy in the Emirate of Ha'il start building more and more buildings near the holy site of the Western Wall (הַכּוֹתֶל הַמַּעֲרָבִי)/Wailing Wall/Buraq Wall (حَائِط ٱلْبُرَاق) - to protest in particular of Jews inside and outside the country.

The central government of Ha'il doesn't care too much about the international protests from Jewish organizations, while the Jews already inside the country...well, there's a reason why the police and the army exist.

August 7, the Antioquia Railway in the Colombian part of the Gran Colombia is finally finished after 55 years of construction - delays were caused due to the difficult terrain, and obviously the political problems in the region in so long span of time. But finally the first train passed through the 3,742-meter tunnel from El Limón to Santiago.

August 11, new three- and five-mark silver coins are issued in East Germany with the face of the head of state, Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen.

August 12, Hungarian police made 13 more arrests in the Angel Makers of Nagyrév case - sensational reports of widespread husband poisoning centered around the village of Nagyrév (Hungary) drew worldwide attention during these times.

Between 1914 and 1929, a group of women were supplied arsenic and encouraged to use it by a midwife or "wise woman" named Zsuzsanna Fazekas, leading to the death an estimated 40 people.

Nagyrév in Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok (central Hungary), earned the nickname "the murder district".

As curious fact, Nagyrév is also the site of the Nagyrév culture (a Bronze-Age culture that dates from the 3rd millennium BC to the 2nd millennium BC).

In Liguria it is announced that the nativist policies of the Federative Socialist Republic of Italy reach a good port, with the majority of people effectively dominating the local language-dialect (Zeneise/Zeneize, also called Ligurian or Genoese).

Today Ligurian variants are still in use in both urban and rural Liguria.

The Radio Corporation of America loses a lawsuit, resulting in the company having to pay over $20 Million in royalties to three plaintiffs due to patent infringement.

August 13, the Pedestrians Association, advocating for road safety and the rights of pedestrians, was formed in London (England, UK - Imperial Federation).

Its first president was Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, from 1929 to 1943.

The organization was dissolved after World War III (the post-war government considered it unnecessary - a result of city walkability and public transport now being considered an essential part of urban governance and planning), but it was one of the first organizations of pedestrians before the formation of the International Federation of Pedestrians (IFP) a few years later.

August 18, the first all-women's race in aviation history took place in Santa Monica, California (USA). In the Women's Air Derby, 20 pilots competed to be the first to reach Cleveland (Ohio) for $24,000 in prize money.

August 19, (at least( 18 Romanian soldiers are killed in an ammunition explosion at a fort in the city of Bucharest.

August 21, Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo make public their civic union during this time, after Rivera has divorced his second wife.

The relationship was frowned upon at the time, mainly due to the age difference of about 20 years (something that was beginning to be increasingly frowned upon in Mexican society at the time, mostly urban centers and result of the government of that time - there was some backward development from this position in the next years of the XX century, sadly), their mutual infidelities and his violent temper.

In addition, Rivera was viewed with suspicion by the Communist Party, for alleged revisionist activities, Freemasons and others.

August 23, the U.S. Department of War made an exception to its rule against civilian burials in Arlington National Cemetery (one of the two national cemeteries run by the US Army) so that freed slave James Parks could be interred on the grounds where he was born and worked.

August 27, death of ethnic-Slovenian astronautic theorist Herman Potočnik, regarded as a pioneer and visionary of modern space flight, mainly remembered for his work addressing the long-term human habitation of space.

He conceived a detailed design for a space station, regarded by Russian and American historians of spaceflight to be one of the first, if not the first design of architecture in space. He also described the use of orbiting spacecraft for detailed observation of the ground for peaceful and military purposes, and described how the special conditions of space could be useful for scientific experiments (of which Potočnik expressed more strong doubts about the potentially destructive military use of these discoveries).

Potočnik's described geostationary satellites (first put forward by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky) and discussed communication between them and the ground using radio, but fell short of the idea of using satellites for mass broadcasting and as telecommunications relays (a idea developed later by other authors)

He died due to pneumonia in Vienna, Austrian autonomy - West Germany. His ideas were taken up by various enthusiasts within Germany, and later recognized around the world.

September 1, at 4 a.m. at the Reichstag building in Berlin, a bomb of unknown origin exploded - some of the the windows of the building were shattered but there were no injuries.

September 3, a typhoon struck the Philippines, resulting in the death of around 50-100 people, and doing about 20 million pesos worth of damage over the next several days.

September 4, a explosion of a powder mill in a bomb factory near Brescia (Lombardy, Italy) killed 17 people.

September 5, in the French parliament factions of the Communists propose or insist on the deepening of the 'federal ties' between the countries of the European Socialist Union (a "federal tie must exist between peoples grouped geographically like the peoples of Europe." - a federal but regionally based idea around the concept of 'Europe' , which some dismissed as too chauvinistic - according to some the French politicians behind this proposal had ideas of expanding the ESU further to other parts of the continent) .

French proposals of this time did not go very far, being shortsighted or proposing little - the 1929 proposal went no further than federal police force, a system of common taxes and loans for economic development, etc.

There were also problems in that the French and others had problems in the terms and differences between 'Federation' and 'Confederation', within the idea of the Union.

September 7, sink of the Finnish-Russian steamship SS Kuru in Lake Näsijärvi, Southern Finland (results in the death of 136 passengers and crew).

September 11, the Flemish cargo ship Stella collided with a West-German lumber ship in the Scheldt river (Flemish-French part of it) and sank - fourteen members of the crew died.

September 17, wildfires in Ventura County, California - USA, did an estimated of over $3 million in damages to oil company buildings, derricks and other infrastructure during this time of the year.

Speaking of natural disasters, another typhoon hit the Philippines, striking the islands of Catanduanes and Rapu-rapu (killing at least 26 people).

September 18, the Chicago Cubs clinched the National League pennant when the Pittsburgh Pirates were eliminated by losing 5–4 to the Boston Braves.

1929-1933 were the last 4 'common' years for sports in the United States, until after World War 3 - due to understaffing and other problems abroad, there was a shortage of players

Several teams and organizations had to accommodate, merging to continue playing in rather unstable seasons between 1937-1943. As curious fact, the Pittsburgh teams like the Pittsburgh Steelers merged with the Philadelphia Eagles - this model of team usually divided home games between their two cities and played together for the respective season.

September 20, a fire at the Study Club dance hall in Detroit (Michigan, USA), resulted in the death of 20 people and injured more than 50 other.

September 24, shops and residences in Florida (USA) were boarded up in anticipation of a hurricane.

Death of Prince Mahidol Adulyadej, Thai physician and public health reformer, died of a kidney disease - he was child of Rama V (King Chulalongkorn), and half-brother of King Rama VII (Chakrabongse Bhuvanath).

He is regarded as one of the fathers of modern medicine and public health in Siam.

September 25, the island of Andros in The Bahamas was hit by the 1929 Bahamas hurricane, resulting in 25 deaths and extensive damage.

September 28, in the British Raj, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed by Imperial authorities, no man below 18 or women below 16 could marry - a good legislative piece, it is maintained in India today, with some amendments of course.

September 30, in Frankfurt (Hesse, West Germany), one of the first world's flight in a rocket-propelled plane takes place - the plane flew for about a 1-2 km/mile and a quarter at an average altitude of 14-15 meters/49 feet, but crashed upon landing (but nobody resulted hurt, which is a good result overall).