Chapter1: LEBANON and the OTTOMANS after the WW1

The political situation in Lebanon before the war

Before the First World War, Lebanon consisted of two parts: the Mutasarrifiya (or Mount Lebanon), with an area of ​​about 3,500 km, and the Nath. The capacity of the districts (Koura, Batroun, Kesrouan, Matn, Chouf, Jezzine, Zahle), and the directorate of Dayir al-Qamar and Hermel. And it enjoyed internal independence, and it had a special system that governed by a

For a Christian leave, the family of the Ottoman Sultanate, and the European countries that established the Mutasarrifiya system agree to them. The Mutasarrif is assisted by a 12-member board of directors representing all Lebanese confessions. The Wilayat regions are the land that was part of the Ottoman authority, and it was two parts: 1 A division that belongs to the Wilayat of Beirut, and includes the districts of Akkar, Tripoli, Sidon, Tyre, and Marjeyoun.

For a Christian leave, the family of the Ottoman Sultanate, and the European countries that established the Mutasarrifiya system agree to them. The Mutasarrif is assisted by a 12-member board of directors representing all Lebanese confessions. The Wilayat regions are the land that was part of the Ottoman authority, and it was two parts: 1 A division that belongs to the Wilayat of Beirut, and includes the districts of Akkar, Tripoli, Sidon, Tyre, and Marjeyoun.

It was the Ottoman governor, centralizing Beirut, directly related to Istanbul. A section affiliated with the Wilayat of Damascus: it includes Baalbek, Western Bekaa, Rashaya, and Hasbaya.

Thats the final of first point. Lets have the next.

The Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I

The Ottoman Sultanate entered World War I on October 29, 1914. Alongside the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria), and appointed Jamala Pasha as commander of the Fourth Ottoman Army, and supervising military actions in the Arab region. He was entrusted with the task of occupying the Suez Canal and expelling the English from Egypt. Jamal Basha made his headquarters in Damascus, and declared that he would treat the Arabs well and that he would preserve the privileges of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate. But he broke a promise, and mistreated | everybody.

More than that he took a very deadly things in the lebanese protocole like:

The political and military measures taken by Jamal Basha and the breach through them

protocol systemis:

Jamal Pasha made Damascus his headquarters, and the basic system of Mount Lebanon (the Mutasarrifiya protocol) was lacking, under the pretext of war. He took a series of unjust political and military measures, the most important of which were: dismissing the Christian administrator, Uhaes Pasha, and appointing Turks and Muslim administrators in his place. They are, respectively: Ali Munif (1915), Ismail Haqqi (1917), and Mumtaz bik (1918)

b- Dissolving the board of directors that was helping the administrator, charging some of its members, and banishing him

each other. Ottoman to Mount Lebanon, thus converting the Mutasarrifiyya to an Ottoman province. - Sending an army - D - Abolishing the privileges of the Maronite clergy, forcing the patriarch and the metropolitans to request a firman (1)

The appointment of the Ottoman Sultan.

. Confiscation of means of transportation, and forcing Lebanese men to work in the army's service

By the stench (without another).)

F - Establishing the Chamber Court in Aley to try the patriots, and everyone who works against the Ottoman Empire. The rulings of this court were "Mirma"), and she sentenced to death two convoys of martyrs: the first in that of the year 1915 AD, and the second on May 6 of the year 1916). G - Closing newspapers, dissolving societies, persecuting intellectuals, closing national and foreign schools, and transferring Some schools and monasteries to military barracks.

He didn't get much of killing and torturing lebanese men and women hel also He worked to Judaize Lebanon economically and humanly;

Economic Measures Taken by Cemal Pasha

Jamal Pasha put pressure on the Lebanese, worked to starve them, and took unjust economic measures: he confiscated the gold coin from the population and replaced it with a paper currency that quickly lost its value. With the residents of the Mutasarrifiya to go to the Bekaa and Khoran to buy wheat and grain.

Preventing the Lebanese from fishing and extracting salt.

- He imposed on the residents the system of shakhrah, and confiscated the means of transportation (mules and donkeys) to work in the service of the Ottoman army for free, and also confiscated foodstuffs, and imposed on the people to provide quantities of firewood, burlap, copper and foodstuffs, so the works stopped and spread

The unemployment

The 2004 regular session

COMB

PACKS PE

Or: Explain the procedures

This question was answered in

Correction foundations

The results of Jamal Pasha's unjust measures against the Lebanese (the reaction of the Lebanese)

Jamal Pasha's unjust measures against the Lebanese led to: 1- Unification of the Lebanese, and the formation of some political societies to work towards achieving independence.

B - the emigration of a large number of them, to escape injustice, hunger and poverty. C - Some of the dualists joined the ranks of the Arab revolution in the Hijaz, and some of the expatriates formed a military squad. She said to the side of the Caliphs in Saynaa and Palestine, and entered with them to Lebanon,

It didn't help so much to do relief work.